Greeting
and Introduction
1. Greeting
Greeting à act of communication
q Formal à express to the older people and
also in a formal situation.
q Informal à commonly uses for friends only
Formal
Greeting
Informal
Greeting
Example
I
Doni : Good morning, Mr.Tom
Mr.Tom : Good morning
Doni : How are today?
Mr.Tom : I am pretty good, thanks
Doni : Excuse me Mr.Tom, what company do
you work for?
Mr.Tom : I work for Bosowa Corp, what about you?
Doni : I work for a bank.What do you
work?
Mr.
Tom : I see. I work in finance
department.
Doni : ok Mr.Tom, it’s pleasure to talk
to you, see you next time
Mr.Tom : See you
Example
II
John : Hi Tom, how are you doing today
Tom : Pretty good, thanks
John
: Is there any homework today?
Tom : Yes, have you finished to do it?
John : Yes, I have
Tom :Well, glad to see you
John : Glad to see you too.
2. Introduction
Here
are some expressions of introduction:
•
Let
me introduce myself.
•
I
am glad for this opportunity to introduce myself.
•
Here
is some information about me.
•
I
am glad to write a little bit about myself.
a.
Introducing Name
•
My
name is Kenji Kitao.
•
I
am Kenji Kitao.
•
My
first name is Hanako, which means "flower child."
•
My
last name is Hayashi, which is "woods" in English.
•
Everyone
calls me Ken.
•
Please
call me Taka.
b.
Birthplace
•
I
am from Kyoto, which was a capital of Japan from 794 to 1868.
•
I
was born in Nara, and I grew up in Osaka.
•
I
am from Nagoya, but I have lived in Kyoto for ten years.
•
My
hometown is Ashiya, near Kobe.
c.
TelIing age
•
I
am in my teens/thirties/twenties/thirties
•
I
am in my late/mid/early twenties/thirties
•
I
am not so old.
d.
Student
•
I
am a student at the University of Kansas.
•
I
am studying at Harvard University.
•
I
am at the University of Chicago.
e.
Major
•
I
am majoring in engineering.
•
I
major in biology.
•
I
am a student in a comparative literature program.
•
My
major is linguistics.
f.
Level
•
I
am a freshman at Boston University.
•
I
am a senior.
•
I
am a junior majoring in economics at Trinity College.
•
I
am in a master's program.
•
I
am an undergraduate.
•
I
am in the ninth grade.
•
I
am a sophomore student
g.
Residence
•
I
live in an apartment.
•
I
live in a condo.
•
I
live in Kyoto.
h.
Hobby
•
My
hobby is skiing.
•
My
hobbies are reading and writing.
•
I
have been very interested in collecting postage stamps.
•
I
like traveling abroad.
i.
Family
•
My
family has ...members.
•
There
are four members in my family, my wife, my two daughters, and myself.
j.
Occupation
•
My
father is a pilot.
•
My
father works for Hitachi.
•
My
father works for a mid-size manufacturing company.
•
My
mother works in a small grocery store.
•
My
mother is a computer programmer.
k.
Job
•
My
primary job is bookkeeping.
•
My
father's primary job is planning ads for new products.
•
My
father is supervising workers in a factory.
•
My
mother is a cashier at a supermarket.
l.
Making Contact
•
Excuse me, are you Mrs. …? - Yes, that’s
right.
•
Hello, you must be Mrs. ….
•
You are Mr. …, aren’t you?
•
Have we met?
m.
Introducing someone else
•
Can/ May I introduce a good friend of
mine? This is ….
•
Have you met …?
•
I’d like you to meet ….
•
I want you to meet...
Example
Andi
: what a cold afternoon it is. It almost
fall rain every afternoon
Naura : Owh yeah, Maybe because it is wet
season. But the weather changing isn't normal one
years lately.
Andi : I do agree with you. Anyway My name is Andi Rachman. You can call me Andi
Nuara : Hi, my name is Naura Krasiva. You can
call me Naura.
Andi
: Nice to meet you Naura.
Naura : Nice to meet you too Andi.
Andi
: Do you work nearby this street.
Naura : Yeah, I work in the building over
there. The second building after gas station.
How
about you? Do you work arround here?
Andi : Yes, I do. I work in Bosowa Corp..
Naura : That is great company.
Andi
: Thank you.
Naura : Owh, finally the bus that I waited for
is coming. Is that your bus you waited for?
Andi
: No, that isn't. I want to go to another
direction. Well, thanks for your time Naura. It was nice meeting
you.
Nuara : The pleasure is all mine.
Andi
: See you later.
Naura : See you.
Farewell Expression
& Expressing Day, Months, Year, Date & Asking Time
1. Farewell Expression
·
Good bye/ Bye/ I’ll say good bye/
See you later/ See you soon.
·
I must go now.
·
I (really) must be going.
·
I must be off.
·
I’m afraid I’ve got to go.
·
It’s getting (very/ rather) late.
·
I’ll miss my train.
·
They’re calling my flight.
·
I’ve got some things to prepare for
….
·
I’ve got a lot to do this afternoon.
·
I want to get away before the
traffic gets too bad.
·
I’ve enjoyed talking to you.
·
It’s been (most) interesting talking
to you.
·
It’s been a very useful meeting/
nice afternoon.
·
Thanks for everything.
·
Thank you for (all) your help.
·
Thank you for coming.
Example
•
Paul :
Good morning. My name is Paul Morris.
•
Sarah : Hello, Mr. Morris. I’m Sarah Hanson.
•
Paul :
How do you do, Ms. Hanson.
•
Sarah : Happy to meet you, too. Please call me Sarah.
•
Paul :
You can call me Paul.
•
Sarah : Well, I must go now. See you. Bye
2.
Year, Month, Date, and Day
Days in a Week
Months in a Year
Expressing the Year
Expressing the Date
NOTE :
•
Days and months are always
capitalized.
•
The preposition that we use for days
is "on".
•
The preposition that we use for
months is "in".
WHAT TIME
How to say the “Time”
•
When it's "on the hour" we
say "o'clock". But only when it's on the hour.
•
Because it can be difficult to say
whether 12 o'clock is during the day or the night, we use two special terms.
- 00:00 and 24:00 = Twelve midnight (or midnight)
- 12:00 = Twelve noon (or noon)
NOTE:
•
In five minute increments, when it's
past the hour (up to 30 minutes past) we say "past".
•
When it's before the hour (after 30
minutes past) we say "to".
•
There are 60 minutes in an
hour. 30 minutes is half an hour, we say
"half past" or "thirty".
•
15 minutes is quarter of an hour, we
say "quarter past" or "fifteen"
•
45 minutes is "quarter to"
or "forty-five".
Writing the “Time”
How to ask ”Time”
•
Excure me, what time is it, please?
•
Excuse me, do you have the time,
please?
•
Excuse me, can you tell me the time,
please?
Example
•
Doni :
Excuse me. What time is it?
•
Dian :
Its a quarter of two.
•
Doni :
I guess my watch is slow then.
•
Dian :
Well, I know mine isn't fast.
English Closed
Questions Yes/No Questions
•
In English, there are two
basic types of questions: yes/no questions and wh- questions. Yes/no
questions are asked using be, have, do, or a modal verb. Yes/no questions
always begin with one of these verbs and can be answered with a simple yes
or no, or with the question repeated as a statement.
•
Note: It's impossible to
ask a yes/no question without one of these auxiliary verbs.
|
|
Does
he want a car?
|
|
|
Are you going to eat
with us?
|
BE
•
Use the verb be to ask about identity,
description, location, and present or past activities and situations.
•
Identity / Description
•
You can use be
plus a noun or adjective to ask about the identity or description of a person,
place, or thing.
|
Am I
your best friend?
|
Yes
(you are).
|
|
Is
this interesting?
|
No (it is not).
|
|
Are
these islands part of Greece?
|
Yes (they are).
|
|
Was
his idea good?
|
No (it wasn't).
|
|
Were
they happy?
|
Yes (they were).
|
Location
•
Be plus a prepositional phrase asks about present or past
location.
|
Am I
near your house?
|
No
(you aren't).
|
|
Is he
in Panamá?
|
Yes (he is).
|
|
Are
we at the border yet?
|
No (we're not).
|
|
Was
his apartment above a bakery?
|
Yes (it was).
|
|
Were
the demonstrations downtown?
|
No (they weren't).
|
Current activity / situation
•
To ask about a current
activity or situation, use the present progressive: present tense of be
+ present participle (verb+ing).
|
Am I
going with you and Tom?
|
Yes
(you are).
|
|
Is
England adopting the euro?
|
No (it isn't).
|
|
Are
we seeing a play tonight?
|
Yes (we are).
|
|
Is
she working today?
|
No (she isn't).
|
Past activity / situation
•
To ask about a past
activity or situation, use the past progressive: past tense of be +
present participle.
|
Was
it raining?
|
Yes
(it was).
|
|
Was
Anna cooking?
|
No (she wasn't).
|
|
Were
the prisoners rebelling?
|
Yes (they were).
|
|
Were
they singing?
|
No (they weren't).
|
Past event
•
To ask about something
that happened to someone or something, use the passive voice: past tense of be
+ past participle (verb + ed or en):
|
Was
he given a reward?
|
Yes
(he was).
|
|
Was I
chosen?
|
No (you weren't).
|
|
Were
you driven home in a taxi?
|
Yes (we were).
|
|
Were
dinosaurs killed by meteors?
|
No (they weren't).
|
HAVE
•
Use the verb have to ask if some action has
taken place or whether somebody has done something.
•
Notice that the auxiliary
verb have is in the present tense* and the main verb is always a past
participle.
|
Has
your brother left?
|
No
(he hasn't).
|
|
Have
you flown before?
|
Yes (I have).
|
|
Has
the party started?
|
Yes (it has).
|
|
Have
the guests eaten?
|
No (they haven't).
|
•
*It is possible to ask a yes/no
question with had, but this is done in very specific situations and
will be explained in a future lesson.
DO
•
Use the verb do to
obtain facts about people, places, or things.
•
Do is always followed by the subject and then a verb in the
infinitive without to.
|
Do
they smoke?
|
No
(they don't).
|
|
Does
Bogotá get cold?
|
Yes (it does).
|
|
Did
it work?
|
No (it didn't).
|
|
Do
flying fish really fly?
|
No (they don't).
|
|
Does
running hurt your knees?
|
Yes (it does).
|
|
Did
teaching challenge you?
|
Yes (it did).
|
MODALS
•
Modals are always
followed by verbs in the infinitive without to.
|
Can
we stay?
|
Yes
(we can stay).
|
|
Could
this be true?
|
Yes (it could be true).
|
|
Should
they stop?
|
No (they shouldn't).
|
|
May I
help you?
|
Yes (you may).
|
|
Will
it rain?
|
No (it won't rain).
|
|
Would
you go with me?
|
Yes (I would).
|
Remember: When asking a question with do or a modal verb, the main verb remains in the infinitive without to.
|
Incorrect
|
Correct
|
|
|
Do you drink coffee?
|
|
|
Does she work here?
|
|
|
Can I go with you?
|
|
|
Should we email her?
|
However, if there are two verbs in the infinitive after do, the second infinitive must use to.
|
Incorrect
|
Correct
|
|
|
Do you want to drink
coffee?
|
|
|
Does she like to work here?
|
|
|
Did you need to go
home?
|
Remember: It's impossible to ask a yes/no question without an auxiliary verb.
|
|
Does
he know your phone number?
|
|
|
Are they returning
today?
|
Note that there are several ways to answer yes/no questions, especially with contractions.
|
Is he
busy?
|
No.
|
|
No, he isn't.
|
|
|
No, he's not.
|
|
|
No, he is not.
|
|
|
No, he isn't busy.
|
|
|
No, he's not busy.
|
|
|
No, he is not busy.
|
WH
Questions
WH questions ask for information. They are different than
Yes/No questions.
There are 6 different WH question words:
Yes/No questions.
There are 6 different WH question words:
|
Question
|
Answer
|
Example
|
|
What
|
Thing
|
What is that?
|
|
When
|
Time
|
When is the game?
|
|
Who
|
Person
|
Who do you live with?
|
|
Where
|
Place
|
Where do you live?
|
|
Why
|
Reason
|
Why are you happy?
|
|
How
|
Directions/Feelings
|
How are you?
|
STRUCTURE
WH questions in simple present use “do” or “be”:
WH Questions with "do"
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB
Examples:
WH questions in simple present use “do” or “be”:
WH Questions with "do"
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB
Examples:
- Where do you work?
- Where does she live?
- When do you wake up?
WH Questions with
"be"
WH + BE + SUBJECT
Examples:
WH + BE + SUBJECT
Examples:
- Where are you from?
- Who is that man?
- When is your class?
- WH
Questions are similar to YES/NO questions
except they
have WH words at the start.
Examples:
- Are you from Canada?
- Where are you from?
Here are some example questions and answers:
- Where are you from?
- I am from Japan.
- What is your name?
- My name is Jacob.
- When do you wake up?
- I wake up at 7:30 am.
- Why are you angry?
- I am angry because I did not pass my exam.
Question words are also called wh questions because they include
the letters 'W' and 'H'.
|
Question words
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
|
who
|
person
|
Who's that? That's Nancy.
|
|
where
|
place
|
Where do you live? In Boston
|
|
why
|
reason
|
Why do you sleep early? Because
I've got to get up early
|
|
when
|
time
|
When do you go to work? At 7:00
|
|
how
|
manner
|
How do you go? By car
|
|
what
|
object, idea or action
|
What do you do? I am an engineer
|
|
which
|
choice
|
Which one do you prefer? The red
one.
|
|
whose
|
possession
|
Whose is this book? It's Alan's.
|
|
whom
|
object of the verb
|
Whom did you meet? I met the manager.
|
|
what kind
|
description
|
What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
|
|
what time
|
time
|
What time did you come home?
|
|
how many
|
quantity (countable)
|
How many students are there? There are twenty.
|
|
how much
|
amount, price (uncountable)
|
How much time have we got? Ten
minutes
|
|
how long
|
duration, length
|
How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks.
|
|
how often
|
frequency
|
How often do you go to the gym?
Twice a week.
|
|
how far
|
distance
|
How far is your school? It's one mile far.
|
|
how old
|
age
|
How old are you? I'm 16.
|
|
how come
|
reason
|
How come I didn't see at the party?
|
Asking questions
1.If you ask about the subject of the sentence, simply add the
question word at the beginning:
Example:
James writes good poems. — Who writes good pems?
James writes good poems. — Who writes good pems?
2.If you ask about the predicate of the sentence (the part of a
sentence which contains the verb and gives information about the subject),
there are three options:
- If
there is a helping (auxilary) verb that precedes the main verb ( foe
example, can, is, are, was, were, will, would...), add the question word
and invert the subject and the helping (auxilary) verb.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese. — What can he speak?
They are leaving tonight. — When are they leaving? - If
you ask about the predicate and there is no helping (auxilary) verb and
the verb is "to be", simply add the question verb and invert the
subject and the verb.
Example:
The play was interesting. — How was the play?
If there is no helping (auxilary) verb in the the predicate and
the main verb is not "to be", add the auxilary "do" in the
appropriate form.
Examples:
They go to the movies every Saturday. — Where do they go to the movies?
He wakes up early. — When does he wake up?
They sent a letter. — What did they send?
Examples:
They go to the movies every Saturday. — Where do they go to the movies?
He wakes up early. — When does he wake up?
They sent a letter. — What did they send?
Mathematical Operation
1. Addition
|
5
|
+
|
3
|
=
|
8
|
|
Five
|
Plus
|
Three
|
Equals
|
Eight
|
|
2
|
+2
|
2
|
=
|
4
|
|
Two
|
And
|
Two
|
Equals
|
four
|
2. Substraction
|
5
|
-
|
3
|
=
|
2
|
|
Five
|
Minus
|
Three
|
Equals
|
Two
|
|
10
|
-
|
7
|
=
|
3
|
|
Ten
|
Take away
|
Seven
|
Equals
|
three
|
3.
Multiplication
|
4
|
x
|
5
|
=
|
20
|
|
four
|
times
|
five
|
equals
|
Twenty
|
|
10
|
X
|
10
|
=
|
100
|
|
Ten
|
Times
|
Ten
|
Equals
|
A hundred
|
4. Divison
|
20
|
/
|
5
|
=
|
4
|
|
Twenty
|
Divided by
|
Five
|
Equals
|
Four
|
|
100
|
/
|
10
|
=
|
10
|
|
One hundred
|
Divided by
|
Ten
|
Equals
|
ten
|
Numeral
Table of Ordinal Numbers
|
Ordinal Numbers from 1 through
1,000,000
|
|||||||||||
|
1
|
st
|
First
|
11
|
th
|
eleventh
|
21
|
st
|
twenty-first
|
31
|
st
|
thirty-first
|
|
2
|
nd
|
Second
|
12
|
th
|
Twelfth
|
22
|
nd
|
twenty-second
|
40
|
th
|
fortieth
|
|
3
|
rd
|
Third
|
13
|
th
|
thirteenth
|
23
|
rd
|
twenty-third
|
50
|
th
|
fiftieth
|
|
4
|
th
|
Fourth
|
14
|
th
|
fourteenth
|
24
|
th
|
twenty-fourth
|
60
|
th
|
sixtieth
|
|
5
|
th
|
Fifth
|
15
|
th
|
fifteenth
|
25
|
th
|
twenty-fifth
|
70
|
th
|
seventieth
|
|
6
|
th
|
Sixth
|
16
|
th
|
sixteenth
|
26
|
th
|
twenty-sixth
|
80
|
th
|
eightieth
|
|
7
|
th
|
Seventh
|
17
|
th
|
Seventeenth
|
27
|
th
|
twenty-seventh
|
90
|
th
|
ninetieth
|
|
8
|
th
|
Eighth
|
18
|
th
|
eighteenth
|
28
|
th
|
twenty-eighth
|
100
|
th
|
one hundredth
|
|
9
|
th
|
Ninth
|
19
|
th
|
nineteenth
|
29
|
th
|
twenty-ninth
|
1,000
|
th
|
one thousandth
|
Form
Spelling of Ordinal Numbers
Just add th
to the cardinal number:
- four - fourth
- eleven - eleventh
Exceptions:
- one - first
- two - second
- three - third
- five - fifth
- eight - eighth
- nine - ninth
- twelve - twelfth
In compound ordinal numbers, note that only the last figure is
written as an ordinal number:
- 421st = four hundred and twenty-first
- 5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh
Figures
When expressed as figures, the last two letters of the written
word are added to the ordinal number:
- first = 1st
- second = 2nd
- third = 3rd
- fourth = 4th
- twenty-sixth = 26th
- hundred and first = 101st
Titles
In names for kings and queens, ordinal numbers are written in
Roman numbers. In spoken English, the definite article is used before the
ordinal number:
- Charles II - Charles the Second
- Edward VI - Edward the Sixth
- Henry VIII - Henry the Eighth
Fraction / Angka Pecahan
Berikut ini sedikit contoh cara membaca angka pecahan dalam
bahasa Inggris:
1/2 : A half / one over
two
1/3 : A third / one over
three
1/4 : A fourth/ a
quarter / one over four
1/5 : A fifth / one ever
five
1/6 : A sixth / one over
six
2/3 : Two – Third / two
over three
3/4 : Three – Fourth /
three over four
4/5 : four – fifth /
four over five
5/6 : five - sixth / five over six
3 ½ : Three and a half
0.5 : Zero point five
2.9 : Two point nine
20.14 : Twenty point one
four
